Adding IQ4_KSS: 4.0 bpw quants (#89)

* iq4_kss: WIP

* iq4_kss: CUDA dequantize works

So we can run perplexity. Sadly, the result does not look good
on the bpw vs quantization error plot.

* iq4_kss: slightly better quantization

* iq4_kss: another small quantization improvement

* iq4_kss: CUDA works

TG-128 performance is very decent with 131 t/s for LLaMA-3.1-8B.
In comparison, we have 123 t/s for q4_0 and 128 t/s for iq4_ks.
I.e., the reduced model size more than offsets the additional
bit fiddling required for iq4_kss.

* iq4_kss: new bit arrangement - CUDA and Zen4 work

Did not lose performance on CUDA. Zen4 is decent, but not great:
PP-512(LLaMA-3.1-8B) = 163 t/s.
TG-128 is of course better than other 4-bit quants due to smaller model size.
We get 14.5 t/s @ 8 threads.

* iq4_kss: ARM_NEON. Predictably very slow

* iq4_kss: Metal

PP is not too bad - just 10% slower than q4_0.
But TG is 30% slower, i.e., predictably bad.

* iq4_kss: somewhat faster Metal dot product

45.75 t/s -> 48.75 t/s.
Still 22% slower than q4_0

* iq4_kss: AVX2

Bad, but better than I expected.
PP-512(LLaMA-3.1-8B) = 167 t/s on the Ryzen-5950X.
I.e., with 32 AVX2 threads we get the performance of
16 Zen4 threads.

* iq4_kss: very slightly faster Metal dot product

48.7 t/s -> 49.3 t/s

---------

Co-authored-by: Iwan Kawrakow <iwan.kawrakow@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 1 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp b/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
index 1ace5720..8e0d0969 100644
--- a/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
+++ b/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static const std::vector<struct quant_option> QUANT_OPTIONS = {
     { "IQ4_NL",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL,   " 4.50 bpw non-linear quantization", },
     { "IQ4_XS",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS,   " 4.25 bpw non-linear quantization", },
     { "IQ4_KS",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_KS,   " 4.25 bpw non-linear quantization", },
+    { "IQ4_KSS",  LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_KSS,  " 4.0 bpw non-linear quantization",  },
     { "IQ2_K",    LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_K,    " 2.375 bpw non-linear quantization",},
     { "IQ2_KS",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_KS,   " 2.1875 bpw non-linear quantization",},
     { "IQ3_K",    LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_K,    " 3.44 bpw non-linear quantization", },