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+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+// GGML internal header
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h> // memcpy
+#include <math.h> // fabsf
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// static_assert should be a #define, but if it's not,
+// fall back to the _Static_assert C11 keyword.
+// if C99 - static_assert is noop
+// ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/53923785/4039976
+#ifndef static_assert
+#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201100L)
+#define static_assert(cond, msg) _Static_assert(cond, msg)
+#else
+#define static_assert(cond, msg) struct global_scope_noop_trick
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// __FMA__ and __F16C__ are not defined in MSVC, however they are implied with AVX2/AVX512
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__))
+#ifndef __FMA__
+#define __FMA__
+#endif
+#ifndef __F16C__
+#define __F16C__
+#endif
+#ifndef __SSE3__
+#define __SSE3__
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#undef MIN
+#undef MAX
+
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+// 16-bit float
+// on Arm, we use __fp16
+// on x86, we use uint16_t
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// if YCM cannot find <arm_neon.h>, make a symbolic link to it, for example:
+//
+// $ ln -sfn /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/13.1.6/include/arm_neon.h ./src/
+//
+#include <arm_neon.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ((float) (x))
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) (x)
+
+#define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ((float) (x))
+#define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) (x)
+
+#else
+
+#ifdef __wasm_simd128__
+#include <wasm_simd128.h>
+#else
+#ifdef __POWER9_VECTOR__
+#include <altivec.h>
+#undef bool
+#define bool _Bool
+#else
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#else
+#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__) || defined(__SSE3__)
+#if !defined(__riscv)
+#include <immintrin.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __riscv_v_intrinsic
+#include <riscv_vector.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __F16C__
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_cvtph_ps(_mm_cvtsi32_si128(x)))
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) _mm_extract_epi16(_mm_cvtps_ph(_mm_set_ss(x), 0), 0)
+#else
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) _cvtsh_ss(x)
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) _cvtss_sh(x, 0)
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
+
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
+/* the inline asm below is about 12% faster than the lookup method */
+#define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
+#define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
+
+static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
+ register float f;
+ register double d;
+ __asm__(
+ "mtfprd %0,%2\n"
+ "xscvhpdp %0,%0\n"
+ "frsp %1,%0\n" :
+ /* temp */ "=d"(d),
+ /* out */ "=f"(f):
+ /* in */ "r"(h));
+ return f;
+}
+
+static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
+ register double d;
+ register ggml_fp16_t r;
+ __asm__( /* xscvdphp can work on double or single precision */
+ "xscvdphp %0,%2\n"
+ "mffprd %1,%0\n" :
+ /* temp */ "=d"(d),
+ /* out */ "=r"(r):
+ /* in */ "f"(f));
+ return r;
+}
+
+#else
+
+// FP16 <-> FP32
+// ref: https://github.com/Maratyszcza/FP16
+
+static inline float fp32_from_bits(uint32_t w) {
+ union {
+ uint32_t as_bits;
+ float as_value;
+ } fp32;
+ fp32.as_bits = w;
+ return fp32.as_value;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t fp32_to_bits(float f) {
+ union {
+ float as_value;
+ uint32_t as_bits;
+ } fp32;
+ fp32.as_value = f;
+ return fp32.as_bits;
+}
+
+static inline float ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
+ const uint32_t w = (uint32_t) h << 16;
+ const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
+ const uint32_t two_w = w + w;
+
+ const uint32_t exp_offset = UINT32_C(0xE0) << 23;
+#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+ const float exp_scale = 0x1.0p-112f;
+#else
+ const float exp_scale = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x7800000));
+#endif
+ const float normalized_value = fp32_from_bits((two_w >> 4) + exp_offset) * exp_scale;
+
+ const uint32_t magic_mask = UINT32_C(126) << 23;
+ const float magic_bias = 0.5f;
+ const float denormalized_value = fp32_from_bits((two_w >> 17) | magic_mask) - magic_bias;
+
+ const uint32_t denormalized_cutoff = UINT32_C(1) << 27;
+ const uint32_t result = sign |
+ (two_w < denormalized_cutoff ? fp32_to_bits(denormalized_value) : fp32_to_bits(normalized_value));
+ return fp32_from_bits(result);
+}
+
+static inline ggml_fp16_t ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
+#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+ const float scale_to_inf = 0x1.0p+112f;
+ const float scale_to_zero = 0x1.0p-110f;
+#else
+ const float scale_to_inf = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x77800000));
+ const float scale_to_zero = fp32_from_bits(UINT32_C(0x08800000));
+#endif
+ float base = (fabsf(f) * scale_to_inf) * scale_to_zero;
+
+ const uint32_t w = fp32_to_bits(f);
+ const uint32_t shl1_w = w + w;
+ const uint32_t sign = w & UINT32_C(0x80000000);
+ uint32_t bias = shl1_w & UINT32_C(0xFF000000);
+ if (bias < UINT32_C(0x71000000)) {
+ bias = UINT32_C(0x71000000);
+ }
+
+ base = fp32_from_bits((bias >> 1) + UINT32_C(0x07800000)) + base;
+ const uint32_t bits = fp32_to_bits(base);
+ const uint32_t exp_bits = (bits >> 13) & UINT32_C(0x00007C00);
+ const uint32_t mantissa_bits = bits & UINT32_C(0x00000FFF);
+ const uint32_t nonsign = exp_bits + mantissa_bits;
+ return (sign >> 16) | (shl1_w > UINT32_C(0xFF000000) ? UINT16_C(0x7E00) : nonsign);
+}
+
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+#define GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) ggml_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
+
+#endif // __F16C__
+
+#endif // __ARM_NEON
+
+// precomputed f32 table for f16 (256 KB)
+// defined in ggml.c, initialized in ggml_init()
+extern float ggml_table_f32_f16[1 << 16];
+
+// On ARM NEON, it's quicker to directly convert x -> x instead of calling into ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32,
+// so we define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32 and GGML_FP32_TO_FP16 elsewhere for NEON.
+// This is also true for POWER9.
+#if !defined(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32) || !defined(GGML_FP32_TO_FP16)
+
+inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
+ uint16_t s;
+ memcpy(&s, &f, sizeof(uint16_t));
+ return ggml_table_f32_f16[s];
+}
+
+#define GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x) ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(x)
+#define GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
+
+#endif
+
+ // TODO: backend v2 PR
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
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