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-.\" **************************************************************************
-.\" * _ _ ____ _
-.\" * Project ___| | | | _ \| |
-.\" * / __| | | | |_) | |
-.\" * | (__| |_| | _ <| |___
-.\" * \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
-.\" *
-.\" * Copyright (C) 1998 - 2011, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
-.\" *
-.\" * This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
-.\" * you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
-.\" * are also available at http://curl.haxx.se/docs/copyright.html.
-.\" *
-.\" * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
-.\" * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
-.\" * furnished to do so, under the terms of the COPYING file.
-.\" *
-.\" * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
-.\" * KIND, either express or implied.
-.\" *
-.\" **************************************************************************
-.TH libcurl 3 "19 March 2002" "libcurl 7.9.6" "libcurl overview"
-.SH NAME
-libcurl \- client-side URL transfers
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This is a short overview on how to use libcurl in your C programs. There are
-specific man pages for each function mentioned in here. There are also the
-\fIlibcurl-easy(3)\fP man page, the \fIlibcurl-multi(3)\fP man page, the
-\fIlibcurl-share(3)\fP man page and the \fIlibcurl-tutorial(3)\fP man page for
-in-depth understanding on how to program with libcurl.
-
-There are more than thirty custom bindings available that bring libcurl access
-to your favourite language. Look elsewhere for documentation on those.
-
-libcurl has a global constant environment that you must set up and
-maintain while using libcurl. This essentially means you call
-\fIcurl_global_init(3)\fP at the start of your program and
-\fIcurl_global_cleanup(3)\fP at the end. See GLOBAL CONSTANTS below
-for details.
-
-To transfer files, you always set up an "easy handle" using
-\fIcurl_easy_init(3)\fP, but when you want the file(s) transferred you have
-the option of using the "easy" interface, or the "multi" interface.
-
-The easy interface is a synchronous interface with which you call
-\fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP and let it perform the transfer. When it is
-completed, the function returns and you can continue. More details are found in
-the \fIlibcurl-easy(3)\fP man page.
-
-The multi interface on the other hand is an asynchronous interface, that you
-call and that performs only a little piece of the transfer on each invoke. It
-is perfect if you want to do things while the transfer is in progress, or
-similar. The multi interface allows you to select() on libcurl action, and
-even to easily download multiple files simultaneously using a single thread. See further details in the \fIlibcurl-multi(3)\fP man page.
-
-You can have multiple easy handles share certain data, even if they are used
-in different threads. This magic is setup using the share interface, as
-described in the \fIlibcurl-share(3)\fP man page.
-
-There is also a series of other helpful functions to use, including these:
-.RS
-.IP curl_version_info()
-gets detailed libcurl (and other used libraries) version info
-.IP curl_getdate()
-converts a date string to time_t
-.IP curl_easy_getinfo()
-get information about a performed transfer
-.IP curl_formadd()
-helps building an HTTP form POST
-.IP curl_formfree()
-free a list built with \fIcurl_formadd(3)\fP
-.IP curl_slist_append()
-builds a linked list
-.IP curl_slist_free_all()
-frees a whole curl_slist
-.RE
-
-.SH "LINKING WITH LIBCURL"
-On unix-like machines, there's a tool named curl-config that gets installed
-with the rest of the curl stuff when 'make install' is performed.
-
-curl-config is added to make it easier for applications to link with libcurl
-and developers to learn about libcurl and how to use it.
-
-Run 'curl-config --libs' to get the (additional) linker options you need to
-link with the particular version of libcurl you've installed. See the
-\fIcurl-config(1)\fP man page for further details.
-
-Unix-like operating system that ship libcurl as part of their distributions
-often don't provide the curl-config tool, but simply install the library and
-headers in the common path for this purpose.
-
-.SH "LIBCURL SYMBOL NAMES"
-All public functions in the libcurl interface are prefixed with 'curl_' (with
-a lowercase c). You can find other functions in the library source code, but
-other prefixes indicate that the functions are private and may change without
-further notice in the next release.
-
-Only use documented functions and functionality!
-.SH "PORTABILITY"
-libcurl works
-.B exactly
-the same, on any of the platforms it compiles and builds on.
-.SH "THREADS"
-Never ever call curl-functions simultaneously using the same handle from
-several threads. libcurl is thread-safe and can be used in any number of
-threads, but you must use separate curl handles if you want to use libcurl in
-more than one thread simultaneously.
-
-The global environment functions are not thread-safe. See GLOBAL CONSTANTS
-below for details.
-
-.SH "PERSISTENT CONNECTIONS"
-Persistent connections means that libcurl can re-use the same connection for
-several transfers, if the conditions are right.
-
-libcurl will \fBalways\fP attempt to use persistent connections. Whenever you
-use \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP or \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP, libcurl will
-attempt to use an existing connection to do the transfer, and if none exists
-it'll open a new one that will be subject for re-use on a possible following
-call to \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP or \fIcurl_multi_perform(3)\fP.
-
-To allow libcurl to take full advantage of persistent connections, you should
-do as many of your file transfers as possible using the same curl handle. When
-you call \fIcurl_easy_cleanup(3)\fP, all the possibly open connections held by
-libcurl will be closed and forgotten.
-
-Note that the options set with \fIcurl_easy_setopt(3)\fP will be used on
-every repeated \fIcurl_easy_perform(3)\fP call.
-
-.SH "GLOBAL CONSTANTS"
-There are a variety of constants that libcurl uses, mainly through its
-internal use of other libraries, which are too complicated for the
-library loader to set up. Therefore, a program must call a library
-function after the program is loaded and running to finish setting up
-the library code. For example, when libcurl is built for SSL
-capability via the GNU TLS library, there is an elaborate tree inside
-that library that describes the SSL protocol.
-
-\fIcurl_global_init()\fP is the function that you must call. This may
-allocate resources (e.g. the memory for the GNU TLS tree mentioned
-above), so the companion function \fIcurl_global_cleanup()\fP releases
-them.
-
-The basic rule for constructing a program that uses libcurl is this:
-Call \fIcurl_global_init()\fP, with a \fICURL_GLOBAL_ALL\fP argument,
-immediately after the program starts, while it is still only one
-thread and before it uses libcurl at all. Call
-\fIcurl_global_cleanup()\fP immediately before the program exits, when
-the program is again only one thread and after its last use of
-libcurl.
-
-You can call both of these multiple times, as long as all calls meet
-these requirements and the number of calls to each is the same.
-
-It isn't actually required that the functions be called at the beginning
-and end of the program -- that's just usually the easiest way to do it.
-It \fIis\fP required that the functions be called when no other thread
-in the program is running.
-
-These global constant functions are \fInot thread safe\fP, so you must
-not call them when any other thread in the program is running. It
-isn't good enough that no other thread is using libcurl at the time,
-because these functions internally call similar functions of other
-libraries, and those functions are similarly thread-unsafe. You can't
-generally know what these libraries are, or whether other threads are
-using them.
-
-The global constant situation merits special consideration when the
-code you are writing to use libcurl is not the main program, but rather
-a modular piece of a program, e.g. another library. As a module,
-your code doesn't know about other parts of the program -- it doesn't
-know whether they use libcurl or not. And its code doesn't necessarily
-run at the start and end of the whole program.
-
-A module like this must have global constant functions of its own,
-just like \fIcurl_global_init()\fP and \fIcurl_global_cleanup()\fP.
-The module thus has control at the beginning and end of the program
-and has a place to call the libcurl functions. Note that if multiple
-modules in the program use libcurl, they all will separately call the
-libcurl functions, and that's OK because only the first
-\fIcurl_global_init()\fP and the last \fIcurl_global_cleanup()\fP in a
-program change anything. (libcurl uses a reference count in static
-memory).
-
-In a C++ module, it is common to deal with the global constant
-situation by defining a special class that represents the global
-constant environment of the module. A program always has exactly one
-object of the class, in static storage. That way, the program
-automatically calls the constructor of the object as the program
-starts up and the destructor as it terminates. As the author of this
-libcurl-using module, you can make the constructor call
-\fIcurl_global_init()\fP and the destructor call
-\fIcurl_global_cleanup()\fP and satisfy libcurl's requirements without
-your user having to think about it.
-
-\fIcurl_global_init()\fP has an argument that tells what particular
-parts of the global constant environment to set up. In order to
-successfully use any value except \fICURL_GLOBAL_ALL\fP (which says to
-set up the whole thing), you must have specific knowledge of internal
-workings of libcurl and all other parts of the program of which it is
-part.
-
-A special part of the global constant environment is the identity of
-the memory allocator. \fIcurl_global_init()\fP selects the system
-default memory allocator, but you can use \fIcurl_global_init_mem()\fP
-to supply one of your own. However, there is no way to use
-\fIcurl_global_init_mem()\fP in a modular program -- all modules in
-the program that might use libcurl would have to agree on one
-allocator.
-
-There is a failsafe in libcurl that makes it usable in simple
-situations without you having to worry about the global constant
-environment at all: \fIcurl_easy_init()\fP sets up the environment
-itself if it hasn't been done yet. The resources it acquires to do so
-get released by the operating system automatically when the program
-exits.
-
-This failsafe feature exists mainly for backward compatibility because
-there was a time when the global functions didn't exist. Because it
-is sufficient only in the simplest of programs, it is not recommended
-for any program to rely on it.